This manifesto, created by young advocates, calls for transformative change in the textile industry by 2050. It envisions a future where textiles contribute positively to environmental and social wellbeing through new principles focused on culture, production, and communication.
Core Themes:
- Textile Cultures: Moving towards a model of ownership based on reciprocity and transparency, rooted in sustainable practices and mutual respect across cultures.
- Textile Production: Emphasising circular, non-toxic processes, fair labour practices, and extended product life cycles to reduce waste and promote high-quality, sustainable products.
- Textile Communication: Advocating for transparent, honest, and inclusive communication that eliminates greenwashing and empowers consumers.
Background:
This manifesto emerged from the Youth Forum on Sustainable Fashion Consumption, supported by the UN Environment Programme and EU policymakers, underlining young people’s role in reshaping the textile narrative. It’s a call to action for policymakers, industry, and consumers to collaborate on a just transition.
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Youth Manifesto for Systemic Transformation in Textiles
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1. Mitigation
Position
If we hope to avoid the worst consequences of the climate crisis and protect the most vulnerable from consequences beyond finance and adaptation capabilities, mitigation needs to return to the centre stage of the UNFCCC process in order to keep global warming under 1.5°C. This means that the Sharm el-Sheikh mitigation ambition and implementation work programme needs to be strengthened to enable it to deliver on substantive outcomes in line with the mitigation relevant sections 20-42 of last year’s GST Decision 1/CMA.5 through technical dialogues and partnerships. It also means that all countries need to submit updated NDCs by early 2025 in line with the 1.5° target, including concrete roadmaps towards an implementation of 28/CMA.5.
Strategic Demands
- Sharm el-Sheikh Work Programme: We call on parties to review and improve the modalities of the Sharm el-Sheikh mitigation ambition and implementation work programme so as to guarantee that the implementation and continuation of the programme results in substantive outcomes on the decisions reached on mitigation action under 28/CMA.5, including the tripling of renewables, the doubling of the rate of energy efficiency improvements and the transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems. This can be achieved inter alia by having technical dialogues focused on sub-sections of 28/CMA.5, enabling funded mitigation action partnerships and placing high-level political messages on mitigation in the annual report and CMA decision at each COP session.
- Nationally Determined Contributions: we urge Parties to submit updated NDCs which are aligned with CMA.5 and with the 1.5°C degree goal of the Paris Agreement. The NDCs should include economy-wide reduction targets that cover all GHGs and sectors, aim for net zero latest by 2050, 2040 for industrialised economies, and are underpinned by concrete roadmaps for the implementation of 28/CMA.5.
- EU NDC: As Europeans, we specifically urge the EU and its member states to commit to an ambitious new EU NDC in line with the 1,5 degree temperature limit and aiming for net zero by 2040 to be developed in collaboration with civil society and especially youth, to be announced before SB62 in 2025. This updated NDC shall also include a roadmap for 28/CMA.5, which could become a reference point for others to do the same.
- Nature-based solutions: we urge Parties to develop nature-based solutions for national action plans and emphasise ecosystem restoration and conservation. Hereby, industrialised countries need to support the Global South. Safeguards to secure the achievement of climate and biodiversity benefits, in particular strengthening resilience, in the implementation of nature-based solutions for mitigation should be promoted and prioritised. These nature-based solutions should be implemented without compromising the diversity of ecosystems, including marine, forest and urban areas.
- Green skills: we ask Parties to commit to support and fund the development of green skills for young people, so as to place them at the centre of the just transition.
- We furthermore call for an improvement regarding the accessibility of funds and technologies to grassroots community projects on mitigation, working on patents and other barriers to transfer.
- Phase out fossil fuels: We call for the EU to be at the forefront of a global movement to phase out fossil fuels, without caveats such as “unabated” fossil fuel phaseouts. This means committing to an end of domestic use of coal by 2030, fossil gas by 2035, and oil by 2040. In line with 28/CMA.5, the goal of tripling renewable energy and doubling energy efficiency improvement rates globally needs to be reached as quickly as possible. To implement this, we urge the EU, its member states and other European nations to:
- ○ shift fossil fuel subsidies to renewable energy by 2030 at the latest;
- ○ endorse the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty (FFNPT) and encourage other countries to also sign; and
- ○ commit to a time-bound phase-out of fossil fuels.
- Plants-based food systems: We call for a transition towards plant-based food systems supported by government subsidies and investment, emphasising the significant mitigation benefits of sustainable food reform in the light of the climate crisis – given that our global food system accounts for around one-third of GHG emissions – and recognising the need to tackle global food insecurity, environmental degradation, antibiotic resistance, and zoonotic diseases. In line with ProVeg International’s mission, we urge Parties to commit to replacing 50% of animal-based products with plant-based and cultivated foods by 2040.
2. Adaptation
Position
Adaptation measures must be prioritised alongside mitigation efforts, recognising both adaptation and mitigation as necessary in the climate actions of all member states to the UNFCCC. Given the urgency of climate impacts, especially in certain regions, it is essential to establish a differentiated adaptation regime that responds to specific local needs. We urge policymakers to reflect this equal prioritisation, ensuring adaptation receives commensurate attention, funding, and implementation focus alongside mitigation strategies.
Strategic Demands
- Progress under the UAE-Belém Work Programme with increased Specificity and Process Clarity: at COP29, Parties must collaborate to establish a coherent approach to achieve significant progress in the UAE-Belém work programme’s second year. Enhanced dialogue between negotiators and technical experts is essential to strengthen this workstream. Given the limited time at COP29 and over 5,000 adaptation indicators from various actors, we urge a streamlined approach to enable meaningful engagement and results.
- Means of Implementation (MoI): indicators under the Means of Implementation (MoI) need clear linkages to measurable targets, which currently remain a gap.
- New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) Alignment: we advocate for alignment and integration between NCQG discussions and the UAE-Belém work programme’s methodologies. The NCQG must also consider adaptation’s evolving needs.
- Grants-based and locally appropriate adaptation finance: funding for adaptation needs to be grants-based, and locally appropriate and must prioritise the countries and communities that are most in need. This should be accomplished by improving access to funds for grassroots community projects with a long-term focus. Additionally, it should include advancements in technologies and best practices, as well as the removal of barriers like patents to ensure equitable technology transfer.
- Adaptation Fund: The 2023 fundraising campaign for the Adaptation Fund is likely to fall short of its expected $300 million for the second year in a row. This fund plays a vital role in directly supporting marginalised communities most impacted by climate change (MAPA). COP29 must prevent further funding deficits and ensure that the Adaptation Fund remains well-resourced to support its project portfolio and long-term sustainability.
- Support to National Adaptation Plans (NAPs): we call for robust technical and financial support for the development and transparent monitoring of National Adaptation Plans. NAPs should integrate disaster risk management strategies that protect natural ecosystems and prioritise stakeholder engagement, especially in ecosystem-based adaptation.
- Adaptation in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): countries, particularly in the Global North, must integrate adaptation and loss and damage more comprehensively into their NDCs. While many developing countries have included adaptation elements, stronger commitments are required globally for coherent and balanced climate action.
- Inclusive, locally-led adaptation: adaptation projects must meaningfully involve local communities, ensuring fair wages, capacity building, and access to advanced technologies. Special attention must be given to developing countries and vulnerable populations, ensuring that adaptation builds local resilience and enhances livelihoods.
- Ecosystem and community-based resilience: all adaptation initiatives should focus on creating green spaces, improving air quality, enhancing sustainable transportation options, and ensuring access to clean water and nutritious food. These efforts not only build resilience to climate impacts but also contribute to overall community well-being and social cohesion. We call for significantly increased investment in clean energy infrastructure, sustainable transportation, and ecosystem restoration, recognising these as investments in future generations’ well-being.
- Disaggregated data: we urge the use of age-, sex-, and disability-disaggregated data, along with child- and youth-specific indicators, in tracking adaptation outcomes under the UAE-Belem Work Programme. Experts must consider the unique needs of the most affected groups in formulating adaptation indicators.
- Climate mobility: National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) must recognise refugees from climate-vulnerable countries and prioritise climate-induced mobility, providing necessary protection and support for those displaced by climate impacts.
3. Loss and Damage
Position
There is a duty, particularly in the Global North and Parties in a position to do so, such as the EU, to provide adequate compensation for loss and damage to the most affected and vulnerable countries and communities. Funding for Loss and Damage initiatives should be adequate, equitable, additional and predictable, with a needs-based, rights-based and grant-based approach.
Strategic Demands
- We urge Parties to establish a third pillar for Loss and Damage in Climate Finance – that is, to include Loss and Damage in the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG), including in the form of a (regularly reviewed and adjusted) sub-goal expressed exclusively as grants.
- High-income countries, historical emitters and Parties in a position to do so must pledge new contributions to the Loss and Damage Fund. These should truly reflect their responsibility for the climate crisis and their economic capabilities to contribute and need to be new and additional to pre-existing funding under climate finance, humanitarian and developing funding.
- Financial instruments used to provide climate finance must not exacerbate the debt burdens of developing nations. The quality of climate finance is as critical as its quantity.
- We encourage Parties to establish mechanisms to address systemic information gaps through qualitative and quantitative indicators of non-economic and economic impacts.
- We recommend that Parties commit to ensuring transparency in the allocation of resources through mechanisms and robust monitoring.
- We urge Parties to recommend the establishment of mapping and data collection systems to analyse non-economic losses and damages in order to develop action plans at the country level.
- The Loss and Damage Fund shall be operationalised according to the gender and human rights-based approach, giving adequate attention to economic and non-economic losses and damages.
- Issue guidance to the FRLD board to ensure adequate capitalisation of the Fund, access to funding for and meaningful participation in decision-making of Indigenous Peoples, frontline communities, local CSOs and groups experiencing marginalisation.
- Ensure rapid, grant-based capitalisation of the Fund to respond to economic and non-economic loss and damage, based on public finance, rights-based, regular, predictable, needs-driven, structured and accessible to vulnerable groups and communities such as youth and indigenous peoples.
- We urge Parties to agree on starting to disburse the Loss and Damage Fund by Early 2025.
- We call Parties to establish national focal points for loss and damage (LD) to improve coordination.
4. Climate Finance and NCQG
Position
Climate finance is central to meaningful action at COP29, particularly in advancing climate adaptation, mitigation, and addressing Loss and Damage. It is the key issue at the conference, as critical initiatives around the world remain underfunded, and developed countries have consistently failed to fulfil their commitments to provide sufficient financial resources to support vulnerable nations.
The current global financial system has fallen short in mobilising the necessary resources to tackle the climate crisis. In light of Article 2.1(c) of the Paris Agreement, which calls for a transformation of the financial system to build resilient and sustainable economies, we assert that scaling up the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) is essential to addressing this imbalance. It is a collective responsibility to ensure that those who have contributed most to climate change—both in the public and private sectors—contribute accordingly.
To achieve this, climate finance must prioritise grants over loans, leverage public funding, and hold polluting industries accountable through taxes on their environmental impact. This approach will ensure that funding is more accessible and effective, driving the much-needed climate action to mitigate future risks and build resilient communities. It is of paramount importance to prevent interest rates that place most affected countries into heavier debt.
Additional sources of finance should be considered in this respect, most importantly, phasing out fossil fuel subsidies and their reallocation to just transition efforts, but also wealth tax, tax on financial transactions, windfall profit tax on fossil fuel companies, carbon levy on private jets and yachts, etc.
Strategic Demands
- Grants over loans: we demand the NCQG to prioritise grants over loans for climate finance, ensuring that public funds form the core of contributions to avoid deepening debt crises in most vulnerable and developing countries.
- Financing from polluters: climate finance contributions must be supplemented by taxes on polluting industries (such as fossil fuel companies), luxury goods, and services like private jets. Corporations must be held accountable through carbon taxes and special levies to fund climate action.
- Tax Justice, make polluters pay: we call for the recognition of the principles of tax justice and ‘polluter pays’ within the frame of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capacities (CBDR-RC). Developed countries should take the lead in reorienting their existing public finances to do no harm, and pursuing tax justice for new sources to be able to provide new and additional climate finance under the NCQG.
- $5 trillion climate debt repayment: the Global North must commit to a minimum $5 trillion annual climate debt repayment package, starting with at least $1 trillion in grants each year from COP29 onwards to cover adaptation, loss and damage, and a just transition. Private investments must not substitute this obligation.
- Direct access: funding must be directly accessible to vulnerable communities, cutting out intermediaries and simplifying processes, with special attention to local leaders and youth (both organised and unorganised entities) to empower them to lead green projects.
- Transparent and equitable finance: the NCQG must ensure transparent, additional funding for mitigation, adaptation, and Loss and Damage, with developed countries meeting existing commitments before broadening the donor base.
- The decision to adopt the NCQG must recognise the importance of funding across multilateral environmental agreements, including for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the Global Framework on Chemicals;
- Youth projects: we urge to facilitate access to finance for youth-led sustainable projects, including from multilateral institutions and funds as well as national resources to support NDC-aligned local projects.
5. Climate Justice
Position
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and long-term climate strategies must integrate just transition principles and social investments, including infrastructure, education, skills development, and social protection measures.
COP29 must prioritise a fair and inclusive approach, recognizing that communities most affected by the climate crisis are essential actors, not just victims, in addressing its impacts
Strategic Demands
We call for recognition and support of those facing the worst impacts:
- EU support in the context of just transition: a robust inclusivity approach is crucial to enabling equitable climate solutions. The EU governments should ensure that climate policies are increasingly fair and inclusive to recognise evolving changes that arise as a result of the climate crisis. Particular attention shall be devoted to young people transitioning from education to work, workers, minority groups, and low-income populations.
- ○ Just transition: European governments should implement support and retraining programs for workers transitioning out of fossil fuel industries, ensuring they are not disadvantaged during the renewable energy transition.. This is essential to maintaining fairness and social stability in climate policy.
- ○ Support to low-income populations: European governments must implement climate solutions that avoid obligating low-income populations to disproportionately burdensome responsibilities.
- Engagement with the Global South: European governments should engage directly with minority and vulnerable communities in the Global South, ensuring their voices are heard in both national climate plans and at COP29. The Global South’s participation is vital in crafting equitable climate solutions.
- Inclusive participation
- ○ At the national level: countries should involve a diversity of groups, including youth, women, Indigenous Peoples, and people with disabilities in the development and implementation of national climate strategies. This should be done in close collaboration with the groups themselves, giving them the means to influence throughout the whole process, with a focus on empowering marginalised groups.
- ○ In UNFCCC processes: we urge the UNFCCC to ensure meaningful and inclusive participation in negotiations and decision-making processes. This includes governments and corporations providing equal opportunities and ensuring that people from diverse socioeconomic and geographical backgrounds are heard, including youth, women, Indigenous People, and people with disabilities. We recognise that all voices must count equally to achieve equitable and effective climate solutions.
- International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion:
- ○ We urge States participating in the International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion (ICJAO) on Climate Change oral proceedings to include witness testimonies from youth, indigenous communities and other marginalised groups in their oral statements. Their lived experiences are critical in shaping climate justice outcomes.
- ○ We invite States to address the importance of intergenerational equity and respect for human rights in the face of climate change during their oral statements at the ICJ. We also encourage them to mention citizen-led initiatives for the ICJAO campaign, such as the witness stands and the ICJAO petition.
6. Action for Climate Empowerment (ACE)
Position
In line with Action 55 of the UN Pact for the Future, we call on Parties to provide meaningful opportunities for the participation of non-state actors in the UNFCCC negotiations, including young people, local communities, women, trade unions, indigenous people, academia, etc. and ensure that the outcomes of these deliberations are feeding into the negotiations. We commend the recognition of youth in the UNFCCC process, including through the establishment of the Youth and Children Constituency (YOUNGO), the acknowledgement of the need to ensure meaningful youth participation, and representation in the Glasgow Climate Pact and Glasgow work programme on Action for Climate Empowerment as well as the establishment of the Children and Youth Pavilion and Youth Climate Champion.
However, many Parties have still not involved youth as full stakeholders in the process both at the national and international levels. Youth inclusion is a two-way process, which requires both sides to develop the skills and willingness to collaborate meaningfully.
Strategic Demands
- We call on Parties to involve youth as full stakeholders in national and international climate negotiations. This includes:
- ○ Mandatory youth inclusion in Party delegations.
- ○ Pre-sessional and on-site youth consultations.
- ○ Youth-led forums for dialogue with Parties, as set out in the Glasgow Work Programme on ACE.
- ○ Enhanced opportunities for youth to participate in technical dialogues and provide interventions.
- ○ Sponsorship and support for youth participation in UNFCCC processes.
- We urge Parties to not only focus on building the capacity of youth to engage in political processes but also to develop their own capacity to effectively collaborate with youth and vulnerable groups. This should include practical training for Party negotiators on inclusive decision-making processes.
- Mainstream ACE principles across workstreams: ACE principles—climate education, training, public awareness, and public participation—must be integrated across all UNFCCC workstreams. We demand that the NCQG agreement allocate specific finance for ACE to uphold the procedural rights of Environmental and Human Rights Defenders (ERHRDs) in climate action.
7. Civic Space, Human Rights and Conflict of Interest
Strategic Demands
- There is no climate justice without human rights:
- The EU must lead in safeguarding human rights in climate processes while ensuring meaningful participation from civil society and frontline communities.
- Local activists must be protected and allowed safe participation in key climate fora such as COPs.
- Civic space:
- The UNFCCC and Azerbaijani authorities must facilitate inclusive participation at COP29 by ensuring access, freedom of expression, and peaceful protest rights. Azerbaijan should guarantee civic space and establish a system for responding to threats to human rights during the event.
- Conflict of interest:
- We call on the EU to push for a robust UNFCCC Accountability Framework to define and regulate conflicts of interest, to prevent undue corporate influence and ensure transparency in participant admissions.
- The UNFCCC Secretariat should stop inviting industry associations linked to polluting interests and strengthen guidelines to prevent the misuse of the COP brand by host countries.
- The Host Country Agreement as well as any contracts involving corporations and organisations granted (Green Zone) partner or exhibitor status should be published on the UNFCCC website.
8. Planetary Boundaries
Position
Only three planetary boundaries remain within the “safe operating space”: ocean acidification (which is already approaching its critical threshold), atmospheric aerosol loading, and stratospheric ozone depletion.
All other boundaries – such as climate change, biosphere integrity (biodiversity loss), land-system change, freshwater change, and biogeochemical flows – have been surpassed.
The interconnected nature of these planetary boundaries means that addressing individual challenges, like limiting global warming to 1.5°C, demands a collective and integrated approach. Tackling one issue without considering others risks destabilising the entire Earth system.
Strategic Demands
- The European Union must take bold action to strengthen its Nature Restoration Law, increasing its ambitions, and enforcing legally binding targets for restoring degraded ecosystems and halting biodiversity loss. This includes scaling up nature-based solutions, protecting critical habitats, and integrating biodiversity goals into all sectors of the economy. As past experience has shown, compromise in this area is not an option, as the sustainable growth of economies and the well-being of citizens are intrinsically linked to a healthy, thriving natural environment.
- The private sector must significantly scale up its financial and structural commitments to biodiversity protection, as the majority of current funding comes from governments, which are providing insufficient resources to meet the targets set in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Different types of instruments can be considered to improve investment in nature and biodiversity, like the debt-for-nature swap and green bonds.
- Furthermore, governments and institutions should focus on the strengthening of Multilateral Development Banks transforming them into climate and nature banks.
- The European Union should not delay the EU deforestation-free products regulation (EUDR), a flagship achievement of the Green Deal.
9. Health
Position
The climate crisis poses a significant threat to global health and well-being in the 21st century. As young Europeans, we are deeply concerned about the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on health, social systems, and overall quality of life.
Strategic Demands
To address these interconnected issues, we call on European Governments to include the following in their positions in the UNFCCC:
- Recognise the profound and interconnected impacts of the climate crisis on health, social systems, and well-being in their verbal and written statements in the UNFCCC context.
- Integrate climate considerations into all health policies and planning processes.
- Strengthen healthcare infrastructure to withstand climate-related disruptions.
- Increase investment in research on climate-health impacts and effective adaptation strategies, prioritising the needs of vulnerable populations in climate-health action plans.
- Promote sustainable practices in healthcare and other sectors to mitigate climate change.
- Enhance education and awareness about climate-health links, particularly among youth.
- Ensure youth representation in climate-health policy-making processes to address the long-term nature of these challenges.
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Signatories
This position paper was developed within the Network of European Youth NGOs for Climate Action (NEYCA).












European Youth Demands for COP29
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The declaration by the United Nations to consider this decade, the UN decade of ecosystem restoration, acknowledges decades of research urging us to take action to prevent further degradation of our natural world and restore what has been degraded. Although there is still a long way to go in achieving this goal, COP 16 must be a step towards finally taking action to restore ecosystems.
We recognise that biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation disproportionately affect the most vulnerable communities, particularly those already marginalised by systemic inequalities, such as Indigenous Peoples, local communities, women, youth, people with disabilities, and those living in poverty. Biodiversity policies must therefore prioritise equity, social justice, and the inclusion of these groups in decision-making processes, as their unique knowledge and perspectives are critical for developing effective solutions.
As young people in Europe, we expect European countries at COP 16 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to prioritise bold, actionable solutions that address the ongoing catastrophic global biodiversity loss and recognise our continent’s crucial role in addressing the crisis. We want concrete commitments to protect and restore ecosystems, ensure sustainable use of natural resources, and safeguard the rights of Indigenous communities. Our present and future depend on a healthy planet, and we expect nothing short of world leaders acting swiftly to implement the Global Biodiversity Framework, hold corporations accountable, and invest in nature-based solutions; all this underpinned by principles of solidarity and leaving none behind.
As for concrete text proposals, we support the policy paper by the Global Youth Biodiversity Network and the Opinion by the European Economic and Social Committee NAT/926 ‘A comprehensive strategy for biodiversity at COP16: bringing all sectors together for a common goal’. Still, as European Youth, we want to emphasise the following aspects:
We believe that COP16 decisions need to entail:
Inclusive and Equitable Biodiversity Strategies in NBSAPs
Global targets are translated into national implementation through the NBSAPs, which must be well-designed (i.e. whole-of-society and whole-of-government approach) and supported by a strong monitoring framework. However, the design of NBSAP should not delay biodiversity action: we have plenty of ready and proven solutions to tackle biodiversity loss that need to be accelerated. The European Union (EU) and its Member States should align their NBSAPs to the ambition of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which, with its legislation like the Nature Restoration Law and the Deforestation Law, are already urging action.
As a region with high capabilities to do so, European countries should ambitiously support wildlife comeback and coexistence in their own continent, and have a duty to restore lost habitat and species populations besides protecting the few that are left.
When designing and implementing NBSAPs, we believe that the targets that differ most from former Aichi targets need to be especially considered, to make sure the NBSAPs address them properly. In particular, this includes Targets 22 and 23, which focus on critical areas of inclusivity. Target 22 emphasises the full and equitable participation of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, women, and youth while ensuring their rights to lands, territories, and resources are respected. Target 23 calls for gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls in biodiversity decision-making and leadership. We believe that these targets are essential to achieve a truly inclusive and effective biodiversity strategy.
Furthermore, NBSAPs must be developed with a focus on marginalised and vulnerable populations that are often left out of national environmental policies, ensuring their meaningful inclusion from planning to implementation. This includes securing their rights to ecosystems they depend on for their livelihoods and culture, while also protecting them from displacement and exploitation by large-scale projects under the guise of conservation.
Significant gaps remain in the indicators proposed by the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group (AHTEG), particularly regarding youth involvement. EU countries can set a good example by including youth-specific indicators. This would be at the very least the disaggregation of indicators by age where relevant. However, EU countries are invited to adopt more ambitious indicators monitoring the key role of the youth and more stakeholders in achieving the CBD targets.
Finally, the EU should respect the principle of intergenerational equity prescribed by the GBF and include youth from an early stage of the process, as beneficiaries, partners and leaders,
Resource mobilisation & Financial Mechanisms
We urge the EU to be constructive and genuinely ambitious during the Resource Mobilisation and Financial Mechanisms discussion. These resources must come from different sources, including ODA, the domestic as well as the private sector, considering different capabilities and responsibilities, and applying the polluter-pays principle to ensure a fair share of burden distribution.
While significantly increasing biodiversity funding is essential, we caution against false solutions and greenwashing, which allow business as usual to continue without addressing the root causes of biodiversity loss.
We urge decision-makers to phase out investments dangerous to biodiversity and perverse incentives (such as environmentally harmful subsidies). We also want to emphasise that resources need to be redirected towards those working on the ground to achieve the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) goals – especially Indigenous Peoples, local communities, women, and youth. Any financial mechanism must explicitly ensure that a significant portion of the funds reach these communities directly, bypassing bureaucratic obstacles, and empowering them to lead restoration and conservation efforts themselves.
Ensuring equitable benefit-sharing with Indigenous Peoples and local communities is crucial, as these groups are often the custodians of biodiversity. COP16 should demand transparent, accessible pathways for these communities to gain their fair share of benefits from the use of genetic resources, ensuring that no group is left out or exploited.
Empathy and fairness in biodiversity policy
We call for empathy in biodiversity policy-making. Empathy means improving the lives of all beings —human and non-human— while minimising harm. By prioritising empathy as a value, we can foster stronger commitments for both our present and future. Furthermore, we urge the EU to integrate sufficiency; ensuring that resources are used in ways that meet essential needs without overexploitation, promoting sustainability and fairness for all species and ecosystems
COP16 must also strengthen the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) and ensure fair technology exchange, particularly in the area of digital sequence information (DSI) technologies.
Rio Convention Synergies
Biodiversity conservation, climate action and the fight against desertification, among others, should go hand in hand. We need the synergies on environmental action to be recognised and to be reflected in all three Rio Conventions. This also entails the recognition that actions for one Rio Convention might have negative impacts on the other ones, and should thus be avoided. The Rio Conventions should therefore design their implementation measures in such a way that it provides positive environmental effects without jeopardising the objectives of another convention.
European youth calls for action
We believe the COP16 represents a major opportunity to secure a sustainable and healthy future for future generations by exemplary actions at present. The future generations do not rightfully own the burden to deal with an even further deteriorated environment, loss of species and more severe climate change processes and events which today can be confronted.
This youth-led united position recalls the concerns surrounding the biodiversity loss crisis, the needs of the most vulnerable and the imperative need for proportional measures that correspond to the magnitude of the problem.
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European Youth statement ahead of COP 16
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Investing in biodiversity protection is not just about preserving nature; it’s an investment in our future and economy. The EU has been funding nature conservation since the early 1980s, and in 1992, it launched its flagship funding program, LIFE.
Over the past 30 years, the LIFE program has co-financed numerous environmental and climate-related projects, improving the conservation status of 435 species and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These projects have also contributed to public education, the expansion of the Natura 2000 network, and improved environmental governance.
The European Commission found that the LIFE program generated a tenfold return on the €3.46 billion invested from 2014 to 2020. In conclusion, investing in nature enhances social and economic prosperity for both current and future generations.
The coming months represent a key opportunity to address financing for biodiversity conservation and restoration measures across the European Union (EU). By 1 July 2025, the European Commission will release its proposal for the next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), officially kickstarting the period of negotiations between Member States and the European Parliament.
Effective and well-targeted financing is crucial for achieving EU biodiversity objectives, but significant funding gaps represent a serious impediment to successfully addressing biodiversity loss. The current financing needs from 2021 to 2030 were estimated at EUR 20 billion a year and changed to EUR 48.15 billion per year based on more recent calculations.
With the recent adoption of the Nature Restoration Law, it is crucial to support Member States in effectively implementing and enforcing its provisions. However, stricter financial regulations and efforts to reduce public debt raise the potential for intense debates regarding the allocation of resources within the EU, particularly concerning expenditures related to biodiversity.
Though focused on the post-2027 MFF, this paper also takes a broader perspective on biodiversity financing and considers the longer-term need to re-evaluate current approaches. The proposals are therefore designed to put biodiversity on a path to recovery beyond the next funding period to build a safer, healthier future for people and nature.
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Learn more about our work on biodiversity

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Ending Bottom Trawling: A Call for Real Protection of the Marine Environment
What is bottom trawling and why is it problematic
Bottom trawling is one of the most destructive fishing methods used worldwide, with as much as 40% of sea life being removed during a single trawling pass. The large weighted nets being dragged across the ocean floor are responsible for vast amounts of by-catch, discards and collapse of fish stocks.
Despite the restriction of human activities to conserve their rich biodiversity, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) suffer greatly from the effects of bottom trawling. Even with its devastating and irreversible consequences, bottom trawling is still allowed in 90 percent of all offshore EU MPAs.
The impact of bottom trawling on marine ecosystems
Bottom trawling is responsible for reducing the complexity, productivity, and biodiversity of seafloor habitats, with sponges and corals facing the highest impacts. Unfortunately, most affected ecosystems are unable to recover from the damage they endure. For the few that do manage to recover, the estimated recovery time is estimated to be between 7.5 and 15 years.
The impact of bottom trawling on climate change
Bottom trawling not only causes significant harm to marine life, but according to a recent study, it also contributes up to 370 million metric tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere annually. The same study discovered that within an average of years, between 55 and 60 percent of emissions from underwater bottom trawling are released into the atmosphere, while the remaining CO2 can lead to more acidic conditions in the areas where it has been released, thus clearly contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming of our planet.
The EU’s position on bottom trawling
Currently, there only exists an EU-wide ban on bottom trawling at depths greater than 800 metres, however the EU aims to extend a bottom trawling ban to all its MPAs by 2030, urging its Member States to draw up national roadmaps towards a bottom trawling plan as part of the 2023 Marine Action Plan (find our article about the EU’s Marine Action Plan here).
At the moment, Greece and Sweden are the only EU Member States to have announced a ban on bottom trawling in all their national marine parks and protected areas, with Sweden extending the ban to all its territorial waters (up to 12 nautical miles from the shore). This marks a significant step forward for these countries in the protection of marine biodiversity.
In contrast, the majority of EU countries have missed this year’s March deadline to outline national roadmaps for phasing out bottom trawling. The EU’s national governments need to demonstrate greater ambition for marine protection and commit to the Marine Action Plan and the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030.
Protecting 30% of its marine areas by 2030 is incompatible with the highly damaging practice of bottom trawling, therefore the European Commission must take further action to ensure compliance with the existing legislation in countries that still permit bottom trawling inside the MPAs of their territorial waters.
YEE and GYBN calls for a ban of bottom trawling in Marine Protected Areas
As representatives of young people committed to environmental protection, Youth and Environment Europe and Global Youth Biodiversity Network Europe strongly advocate for the conservation of marine ecosystems and the promotion of sustainable fishing practices. Our position on the issue of bottom trawling comprises the following:
- YEE and GBYN Europe firmly oppose bottom trawling in Marine Protected Areas. This fishing method is highly destructive to seafloor ecosystems, causing irreversible damage to habitats such as coral reefs and seagrass beds. To achieve the 30×30 goal of protecting 30% of European waters by 2030, MPAs must offer genuine protection, which is incompatible with the destructive nature of bottom trawling. The practice of bottom trawling also needs to be reviewed in cases where it takes place close to MPA boundaries, in sensitive habitats such as spawning grounds, and in coastal waters.
- We show our strong support for ongoing initiatives by NGOs and civil society groups that advocate against bottom trawling. Notable examples include the joint campaign led by Oceana, Seas at Risk, Sciaena, and the Irish Wildlife Trust, as well as awareness raising and lobbying by WWF, Blue Ventures, the Blue Marine Foundation, Client Earth, and others. These organisations play a crucial role in raising awareness and driving policy changes.
Bottom trawling is a destructive practice that poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems and biodiversity.
As YEE and GYBN Europe, we urge EU Member States to prioritise ocean conservation and take decisive action. We firmly believe that young people, as the voice of the future, hold the power to enact the change they envision. With the recent EU elections, it is crucial for youth to push the newly elected MEPs to take action towards the protection of our oceans. Advocacy for stronger regulations, such as those in the Marine Action Plan, is essential to safeguard marine ecosystems. Join advocacy campaigns, engage with environmental organisations and use your voice to demand the preservation of our seas.
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Learn more about marine conservation

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Bottom trawling involves dragging a weighted net or a rigid frame along the ocean floor. Despite its economic advantages, bottom trawling is

Youth and Environment Europe and Global Youth Biodiversity Network (GYBN) Europe Advocate for a Complete Ban on Bottom Trawling in Marine Protected

YEE Calls for Ambitious National Roadmaps for EU Marine Action Plan Implementation, including a ban on bottom trawling in MPAs

Youth and Environment Europe and Global Youth Biodiversity Network (GYBN) Europe Advocate for a Complete Ban on Bottom Trawling in Marine Protected Areas

YEE Calls for Ambitious National Roadmaps for EU Marine Action Plan Implementation, including a ban on bottom trawling in MPAs
Ending Bottom Trawling: A Call for Real Protection of the Marine Environment
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Recommendations to the EU Commission
YEE drafted these recommendations to the EU Commission on how to address the gaps in the exercise of Aarhus rights with regards to European youth. More specifically, the recommendations focus on the absence of youth participation in NECPs processes and its concerning implications, calling the Commission to call Member States to fill this gap as soon as possible and with adequate measures.
These recommendations are complemented by YEE’s country-specific reports on youth participation in the NECP processes in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece and Italy.
What is included in the position statement
The Commission should monitor the effective exercise of these rights among Member States, particularly amidst the observed shrinking of civic space, especially among young people and youth organisations. It is imperative to safeguard democratic participation rights among the youth population for more ambitious and effective climate action.
The poor exercise of Aarhus rights among European youth is evident in their non-participation in MCED and consultation processes concerning NECPs revision. Member States’ and EU’s failure to involve younger generations and their representative organisations undermines the rights of those who will bear the consequences of NECPs outcomes well into the future.
“There is a need to provide opportunities to engage in these processes that are specifically designed in such a way that takes into account the needs, opportunities and resources that young people have to engage in the deliberation.”
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YEE calls for a stronger regulation to better protect the health of current and future generations, and address our main concerns and

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This position paper is directed at Council of Europe Member States and aimed at addressing protection gaps and eliminating the root causes of such protests through stronger environmental action.

YEE calls for a stronger regulation to better protect the health of current and future generations, and address our main concerns and recommendations for a revision of the Cosmetic Products Regulation
(Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009).
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EU Marine Action Plan
More than a year since the EU Marine Action Plan was adopted, there is a critical need to ensure that both the European Commission and Member States are held accountable for its effective implementation. The success or failure of this initiative will hinge upon the national roadmaps to be submitted by each Member State by the end of March. The publication of these national roadmaps will be closely monitored, especially considering the tendency of Member State governments to oppose ocean protection matters, often favouring economic interests over environmental ones. This also became evident in the disappointing response of the European Parliament (EP) to the Communication, which rejected the majority of its content.
Youth and Environment Europe strongly supports the gradual phasing out of bottom trawling in all marine protected areas (MPAs) by 2030 as proposed in the Marine Action Plan. This would be in line with an agreement made between 196 countries, including the EU, during the Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) to reach a 30% target of protected land and oceans by 2030 in a landmark agreement for the protection of biodiversity. The method of bottom trawling is notorious for its detrimental impact on marine ecosystems due to several reasons, one of which is significant by-catch, such as marine mammals, seabirds, and other fish species. Bottom trawling can also cause extensive damage to sensitive habitats, disrupting the balance of marine ecosystems and damaging biodiversity. Not least because of the use of bottom trawling, European seas are in a severe environmental crisis. The European Environment Agency recently reported that “almost all marine species groups appear to be in bad condition throughout Europe’s seas, with mixed recovery trends”.
The Parliament had a chance to advocate strongly for ocean conservation shortly before the elections and urge the EU Member States to align its fisheries with nature protection policies. They missed this opportunity: Their report on the Marine Action Plan takes a concerning stance towards the use of harmful fishing equipment, suggesting to continue using bottom trawling within MPAs. The European People’s Party (EPP) holds the view that the proposed ban of bottom trawling in MPAs puts the future of fishermen at risk, labelling the Action Plan “discriminatory”. While coastal communities and the impact of the Marine Action Plan on fishers must not be ignored, YEE believes that this pure focus on the economic impact is too short-sighted. The livelihoods of coastal communities ultimately depend on seas with good environmental status and healthy fish stocks, which can simply not be reconciled with the practice of bottom trawling in MPAs. We need cross-cutting and forward-thinking policymaking to address economic concerns in the fisheries sector alongside the climate and nature crises, including support to fishers in transitioning away from destructive fishing gear to minimise negative socio-economic effects.
As Youth Environment Europe, we call upon all EU Member States to commit promptly and effectively to implementation of the Marine Action Plan, and urge the Commission to conduct and publicly release science-based assessments of their national roadmaps. Furthermore, we demand that any identified weaknesses be addressed by Member States, and call for close monitoring and enforcement to ensure their timely implementation. Only through concerted effort and accountability can meaningful progress be made towards safeguarding our marine environment for future generations.
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EU Marine Action Plan
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On behalf of European youth, we are reaching out to you as a coalition of youth organizations representing more than 20 million young Europeans with the European environment at heart. On Tuesday the 27th of February, the European Parliament plenary meeting will take place in Strasbourg. We want to underscore the absolute necessity to vote in favor of the provisional agreement on the Nature Restoration Law, for our future, and the future of our and your children.
As young people, we are inheriting a degrading environment and climate which makes us currently see a gloomy future ahead of us. Every day, we witness more species becoming extinct and ecosystems continuing to degrade. It is proof that existing measures so far have been critically insufficient. We are even more worried due to the recent and ongoing watering down of environmental policies and laws at the EU and national level.
This EU Nature Restoration Law is the only opportunity for us to get the chance to see nature improving across Europe and benefit from a healthy environment and climate.
Opposing or further weakening the law would mean condemning our future and fully ignoring all the good things that nature brings to our society. It would mean that young people and future generations, the least responsible for the current crises, will have to address environmental emergencies at a great cost and risk. This is extremely unfair from an intergenerational equity perspective.
On Tuesday, you will cast a vote on our future. The outcome will greatly impact generations of Europeans to come, so we need your vote in favor of the Nature Restoration Law.
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Learn more about the #restorenature campaign

The recent positive vote for the Nature Restoration Law by the European Parliament sends a strong message on the obligation to restore

The coalition of youth organisations released their statements about the necessity and urgency to adopt the Nature Restoration Law within the European

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Nature Restoration Law: Youth needs your support
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Written by
Bellinda Bartolucci, ClientEarth
Alexandros Kassapis, Youth and Environment Europe
Contents
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It’s 2023 and exposure to toxic pollution is the norm in Europe.
Across the bloc, people are living in the shadow of industrial complexes that are still polluting illegally, eroding their health, and claiming lives.
This is a rights issue. An estimated 10% or more of Europe’s cancer burden is suspected to relate to pollution exposure, while EU premature deaths related to excessive levels of air pollution chart in the hundreds of thousands each year –
including minors, whose small bodies register big and lasting pollution impacts.
It’s hardly the futuristic picture we’d hoped for.
EU decision-makers are on the cusp of finalising the update of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED). It governs the emissions of over 50,000 installations, including steelworks, chemicals and plastics facilities, coal plants and factory farms all over Europe – and it needs to be the most powerful tool to protect people that it can possibly be.
But on the contrary – the draft law looks set to blow over in the wind. From strong beginnings, we’re left with a nearly empty shell as far as people’s rights are concerned.
So what do our lawmakers need to do?
On your doorstep – what does industrial pollution
look like in Europe?
Pollution exposure is not just about isolated incidents – the reality is more insidious. From ‘forever chemicals’ to heavy metals, there are dramatic cases of chronic industrial pollution across Europe. Their impacts are startling reminders that industrial operations can cause severe illness and kill, in 21st century Europe.
There are ample examples of European workers and local residents – particularly children – being impacted by industrial pollution. A 5-year-old has died in Taranto, Italy, from a brain tumour – metal and dust particles from the local steel plant (Italy’s largest) were found in his brain. The local waters can’t be used to raise mussels because of iron dust levels.
Those living near antiquated coal plants in Bulgaria and Poland complain of stinging eyes and report respiratory ill-health. Towns near coal complexes in Bulgaria have been blanketed with air pollution for years – coal regions in the country chart the EU’s highest levels of sulphur dioxide pollution. But the government gave one of the local plants ongoing permission to pollute far above EU limits.
The above cases were from facilities operating within the law. So it goes without saying that, at least in cases of illegal pollution, anyone suffering from its impacts should be able to go to court and stand a chance of receiving compensation for the damage – no?
They pollute, you pay – why we need a real route to justice
If a facility is polluting beyond the limits allowed by the law, people suffering from health issues due to this illegal pollution must be able to access the courts for compensation. But the legal set-up right now makes it very difficult for anyone to hold Member States or industries to account.
The European Commission has acknowledged this injustice and the new IED was supposed to fix this. The law included a new compensation right for victims of illegal pollution. But throughout the process, the real substance of this right has been systematically dismantled over the course of the negotiations – by now, it risks becoming an in-name-only gesture, which contains no actual avenue for people to access their rights.
With the current wording, negotiators have given the chop to the possibility of NGOs standing for sick people in class actions – vital given that in extreme cases, claimants have passed away before they could complete their actions. The law also relieves authorities of all legal responsibility for failing to enforce laws and therefore enabling health damages.
People across Europe have been pushing for their rights to be reflected in the law. But pressure has been too strong and conflicting information has emerged throughout the process to derail positive lawmaking. This has got in the way of what this law is for: keeping people safe.
Youth and Environment Europe (YEE) have written to EU representatives to urge them to “prioritise health over illegal pollution” and adopt a real, functional compensation right. Along with a host of legal and consumer organisations, we highlighted that an inadequate law would fail people’s fundamental rights – the European Court of Human Rights has confirmed that harmful industrial pollution can give rise to individual compensation.
A turning point for victims of illegal industrial pollution – will lawmakers deliver?
An effective compensation right already exists in competition, data protection, anti-discrimination and consumer laws. It works for all parties involved and it ups compliance from the outset. Why should health be protected less? Contrary to industry claims, none of these types of rules have ever led to excessive litigation. In the case of the IED, only illegal polluters are exposed to the risk of litigation. Companies adhering to the rules have no reason to worry – and will actually benefit from a level playing field across the EU.
There is no justification for failing to apply it in the IED for victims of illegal pollution. This is a no-brainer.
An IED based on justice goes far beyond environmental action – it is about helping victims on the ground. This is a major opportunity to bring back justice and finally offer protection for citizens across Europe. Missing it would be a statement by EU lawmakers that lawbreakers have officially taken precedence over people’s rights.
Brussels should take a deep breath and consider this before they give the IED their final seal of approval.
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Health first: The IED cannot deprive pollution victims of their rights
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Recently we celebrated the positive vote for the Nature Restoration Law by the European Parliament, which is sending a strong message: restoring nature is an obligation. The European Union has put itself on the path to being a champion and pioneer of nature restoration globally, living up to promises made to citizens and at the global negotiation table.
We thank all the MEPs that listened to our perspective, welcomed our recommendations and voted also for the next generations. We want to particularly show our appreciation towards the work and the words of Rapporteur César Luena, who publicly recognized the efforts made by youth in the advocacy for this law.
However, we cannot ignore that almost half of our political representatives refused to restore nature, cold-shouldered the youth and refused to guarantee us a liveable environment. The law is still far from what science tells us it is urgent to do.
We acknowledge with heavy hearts the adoption of amendments that substantially watered down the law. The amendments, especially those that delay targets and the initiation of actions, significantly shift the responsibility and efforts on us in the future. This is not fair from an intergenerational justice perspective, which the EU has agreed to respect as a guiding principle at COP15. In particular, refusal to accept the principle of non-deterioration means that we will continue to witness the degradation of our habitats, and so will our children and grandchildren.
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“While the unity and the strong, loud voices of young people ahead of the plenary vote on the Nature Restoration Law once again demonstrated the will and drive for positive change, the very close vote showed that this is not the case for a lot of MEPs deciding on policies that will determine the state of the ecosystems we depend on. This law is not only about Nature Restoration. It is about fighting for the continued existence of a liveable planet, which the law that was adopted on the 12th of July, does not do. This is why our work is not done and we will continue to fight for a law that is just - not only for us, but for the planet and generations to come.“
“Heeding the calls of scientists, young people and environmental activists, a narrow majority of MEPs voted in favour of the Nature Restoration Law during the Plenary of the European Parliament, an outcome that was not guaranteed but one that we celebrate as young Europeans. However, the vote’s close margin of victory underscores the significant opposition still facing the Law. It has been compromised in the voting process and the resulting legal amendments the Parliament agreed upon severely weaken the effectiveness of the NRL in combating biodiversity loss and environmental degradation. We need a more ambitious Law to ensure a future where both people and planet can thrive! Our work is not done and we demand that the Commission, Council and Parliament pass a Law that is as strong as possible and does not put the burden of mitigating environmental damages and economic short-sightedness on future generations.“
“The positive vote in the Parliament is a bittersweet success. It is great to see many MEPs that listened to science and young people and to see the EU sending out this message, but the journey is still long. However, laws or not, restoration activities and initiatives have been growing exponentially in the past years. And this will never stop: the restoration and rewilding movement is a snowball in a free fall down a slope, getting bigger and bigger. While politicians discuss in rooms, tons of people, of young people, are out there restoring and rewilding. This is the future. The law is not as ambitious as we wanted it? Then we will be ambitious, and we can be it now.”
“The vote in favour of nature was a crucial and most needed signal to the world.However, the narrow result, the disinformation campaign including blunt claims against all scientific evidence is very worrying for us. Let us hope, that during the Trialogue process some more common sense prevail and get something more ambitious than just restoring Nature 2000 areas. We all, and youth in particular, depend on a healthy environment - and we need to take the necessary steps to ensure them rather yesterday than tomorrow.”
“The NRL is the most crucial legislation for european biodiversity of my lifetime. For environmentalists in every part of society to finally have political will on the environments side should be a celebration. But seeing the Law being so close to get rejected and at the moment being so watered down from it's once clear agenda of saving our nature, is a new way politicians have made me disappointed. However, youth will continue our efforts to restore Europe's biodiversity, and we hope one day the elected few will follow the actual will of the people and join us truly in stopping the biodiversity crisis.”
“The Parliament's vote can be seen as a positive development, acknowledging the efforts made to secure a more promising future for all. The approval of the Nature Restoration Law reflects a significant stance by EU institutions in support of nature, despite the fact that recent negotiations have led to a dilution of its original objectives. Regrettably, at the national level, we, as GYBN Italy, hold the view that the situation is even more unfavorable, and Italian youth have experienced deep disappointment. Italy should ideally take a leading role in the preservation and restoration of biodiversity. However, to our dismay, nearly all Italian MEPs voted against this vital legislation. This decision by the current political power has effectively disregarded the expectations of young people on almost every level. As a result, bitterness lingers among the younger generations, as they feel unrepresented, signifying that our endeavors to conserve and restore nature will not come to an end with this setback.”
"Even though negotiations for the Nature Restoration Law will see another day, the picture this whole process has painted is bleak, not only for Europe's nature and biodiversity, but for trust into political officials and democratic processes. Are we supposed to celebrate this small majority within Parliament that barely aknowledged science and the nature crisis?"
Read the youth position on EU Nature Restoration Regulation.
The coalition of youth organizations whose representatives released the statements above that elaborated the youth position represents more than 20 million young Europeans.
Learn more about the #restorenature campaign

The recent positive vote for the Nature Restoration Law by the European Parliament sends a strong message on the obligation to restore

The coalition of youth organisations released their statements about the necessity and urgency to adopt the Nature Restoration Law within the European

Join us and over 200 NGOs and ask your decision-makers to adopt a solid and urgent implementation of the law that can
More To Explore
One step closer to Nature Restoration – but not yet there | #RestoreNature
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YEE aims to unite environmental youth non-profit organisations in Europe in order to enhance international cooperation, increase knowledge about the climate crisis, raise awareness of environmental problems and to strengthen participation of youth in environmental decision-making.
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E-mail: yee@yeenet.eu


Financially supported by the European Youth Foundation of the Council of Europe. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Council of Europe.





